Tensile testing is a simple mechanical performance test that involves uniform stress distribution within the testing range, stable and reliable measurement of stress-strain and its performance indicators, and convenient theoretical calculation. Through tensile testing, the most basic mechanical performance indicators of materials during elastic deformation, plastic deformation, and fracture process can be determined, such as the positive elastic modulus E, yield strength σ_0.2, yield point σ_s, tensile strength σ_b, elongation after fracture δ, and reduction of area ε. The mechanical performance indicators obtained in the tensile test, such as E, σ_0.2, σ_s, σ_b, δ, ε, etc., are the inherent basic properties of materials and the main basis for engineering design.

Tensile testing is the most common test in metal mechanical performance testing, and the measurement results of the same material may not be the same through different tensile testing processes. What factors are affecting the tensile test?

1: Sampling location and method

Due to uneven distribution of components, organization, structure, defects, processing deformation, etc. in materials, differences may occur in different parts of the same batch or even the same product. Therefore, when cutting samples, strict adherence to regulations should be followed

2: Test equipment

The experimental equipment directly affects the accuracy and authenticity of the result data. Therefore, during the experiment, it is necessary to ensure that the testing machine is within the validity period of calibration, and the equipment is regularly calibrated and sent for inspection

3: The impact of the experimental environment

The experimental environment mainly includes the influence of environmental temperature and the selection of clamping tools

4: Selection of experimental methods

The experimental methods mainly include clamping method, stretching rate, stretching cross-sectional area, and measurement method of sample size. When selecting the size of the measurement sample, it is advisable to use an outer diameter micrometer, vernier caliper, or rectangular sample vernier caliper

In addition, subjective factors and differences in operational skills can also bring errors to the measurement results. Therefore, inspectors should undergo strict training and conduct tests in accordance with prescribed standards and methods.